Discussing the relationships between homoparenthood and health. / Problematizando as relações entre homoparentalidade e saúde.

The present article aims to bridge the gaps or deepen the debate to discuss the relationship between homoparenthood and health. This essay is anchored in specific literature. We seek to work on the following questions throughout the text: (i) How is the central theme of this discussion historically outlined? (ii) How does homoparenthood appear in scientific health production in general? (iii) What sociopolitical dimensions emerge around homoparenthood-health relationships? and (iv) What are the limitations and possibilities for exercising reproductive rights between same-sex couples? Among the conclusions, we underscore the challenge of facing the strangeness of homoparenthood against the idea of the so-called called "normal" family based on heteronormative logic. Even in countries with some legal apparatus assuring the rights to homoparental families, their members suffer prejudice, discrimination, and violence.

Buscando preencher lacunas e/ou aprofundar o debate, o artigo objetiva problematizar aspectos que envolvem as relações entre homoparentalidade e saúde. O desenho metodológico é o de ensaio, ancorado em literatura específica. Ao longo do texto procura-se trabalhar as seguintes questões: (i) Como se esboça historicamente a temática central desta discussão? (ii) Como se afigura a homoparentalidade no campo da produção científica da saúde em geral? (iii) Quais dimensões sociopolíticas emergem em torno das relações homoparentalidade-saúde? e (iv) Quais são os limites e as possibilidades para o exercício dos direitos reprodutivos entre casais homoafetivos? Dentre as conclusões, destaca-se o desafio de se enfrentar o estranhamento da temática homoparentalidade para a ideia da família denominada de "normal", configurada a partir da lógica heteronormativa. Mesmo nos países em que há algum aparato jurídico que garanta direitos às famílias homoparentais, seus integrantes são alvo de preconceitos, discriminações e violências.

Reproduction in cisgender same-sex couples: a scoping review. / Reprodução em casais homoafetivos cisgêneros: uma revisão de escopo.

The aim of this article is to present the state of the art, in the field of public health, on cis homoparental reproduction, from 28 studies addressing barriers to reproduction by homoparental couples for legal, ethical, technical or economic reasons, in addition to prejudice and discrimination. Six studies addressed facilitators, such as receptiveness in services, availability of conception and contraceptive methods and training of health professionals. The results show that the discussion has focused more on the barriers than on the facilitating factors. This may indicate a continuing need to problematise the hegemonic model of a heterosexual, nuclear family.

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o estado da arte sobre a reprodução homoparental cis no campo da saúde coletiva. Vinte e oito estudos abordam barreiras para a reprodução de casais homoparentais relacionadas a questões legais, éticas, técnicas e econômicas, além de preconceito e discriminação. Seis abordam facilitadores, tais como acolhimento nos serviços, disponibilidade de métodos conceptivos e contraceptivos e a capacitação de profissionais. Os achados evidenciam que a discussão se volta mais para as barreiras do que para os facilitadores. Isso pode indicar que ainda se faz necessário promover a problematização do modelo hegemônico de família nuclear e heterossexual.

Methodological issues in qualitative research on HIV prevention: an integrative review.

In view of the growing concern about the use of qualitative approach in health research, this article aims to analyze how the qualitative theoretical-methodological framework of HIV prevention is presented in empirical research. We conducted an integrative literature review with the following guiding questions: "How is the qualitative theoretical-methodological framework expressed in empirical research on HIV prevention?"; "What are the limits and potentials of the qualitative methodological designs employed?". In the qualitative methodological discussion, five dimensions guided the methodological course and the presentation of findings, from the analysis of the characterization of qualitative studies to the contextualization of the studies and the methodological approaches used, highlighting the use of semi-structured interviews with thematic content analysis. We also examined social categories and analytical references, drawing attention to the plurality of these theoretical-conceptual references and to the authors' polyphony, and identified the limits and potentials of qualitative research. This study focuses on a scientific topic that is related to a wide variety of social groups and analyzes how they are affected by it, examining issues related to social inequality and other analytical possibilities surrounding HIV prevention, and providing resources for a comprehensive methodological discussion. Hence, avoiding the risk of conducting qualitative research based on checklists that limit inventiveness and openness to different designs and forms of execution and analysis is as pivotal as ensuring that the research is consistent and detailed in publications.

Homoparenting as a public health issue: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: To map global scientific production on homoparenting in the field of collective health or public health. METHODS: In terms of methodological procedures, a scoping review was carried out, guided by the following question: What are the aspects addressed in global scientific production regarding homoparental families in the field of collective or public health? The searches were carried out in seven sources of scientific literature, including 58 studies, involving scientific articles and dissertations. The analytical treatment given to the studies, most of which were qualitative, followed the content analysis technique in the thematic modality. RESULTS: The results indicate that the perceptions of homosexuals and professionals about the care provided and health services in general was the topic addressed by the largest number of studies (n = 31), followed by heteronormative context of health services (n = 26); disclosure of sexual orientation (n = 20); fertilization (n = 14); educational information and actions (n = 5). CONCLUSION: Although the issue of same-sex parenthood has been discussed in some health sectors, there is awareness that it is necessary to rely on a consolidated basis through numerous studies when discussing this issue. It is concluded that, among other aspects, the scope of this review is not sufficiently problematized within the scope of health professionals' training and performance.

An evidence-informed policymaking (EIPM) competency profile for the Brazilian Health System developed through consensus: process and outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Evidence-informed policymaking (EIPM) requires a set of individual and organizational knowledge, skills and attitudes that should be articulated with background factors and needs. In this regard, the development of an EIPM competency profile is important to support the diagnosis, planning and implementation of EIPM. PURPOSE: To present the process and outcomes of the development of an EIPM competency profile by an expert committee, to be applied in different contexts of the Brazilian Health System. METHODS: A committee of experts in EIPM shared different views, experiences and opinions to develop an EIPM competency profile for Brazil. In six consensus workshops mediated by facilitators, the committee defined from macro problems to key actions and performances essential for the competency profile. The development steps consisted of: (1) Constitution of the committee, including researchers, professionals with practical experience, managers, and educators; (2) Development of a rapid review on EIPM competency profiles; (3) Agreement on commitments and responsibilities in the processes; (4) Identification and definition of macro problems relating to the scope of the competency profile; and (5) Outlining of general and specific capacities, to be incorporated into the competency profile, categorized by key actions. RESULTS: The development of the EIPM competency profile was guided by the following macro problems: (1) lack of systematic and transparent decision-making processes in health policy management; (2) underdeveloped institutional capacity for knowledge management and translation; and (3) incipient use of scientific evidence in the formulation and implementation of health policies. A general framework of key actions and performances of the EIPM Competency Profile for Brazil was developed, including 42 specific and general key actions distributed by area of activity (Health Management, Scientific Research, Civil Society, Knowledge Translation, and Cross-sectional areas). CONCLUSIONS: The competency profile presented in this article can be used in different contexts as a key tool for the institutionalization of EIPM.

The sickle cell illness experience under the qualitative lens. / A experiência de adoecimento falciforme pelas lentes qualitativas.

This article aims to analyze the content of the qualitative production (2000-2023) on sickle cell disease to support the analytical category - the sickle cell disease experience. Methodologically, we conducted a qualitative, bibliographical study with a thematic content analysis anchored in the dialogue between the revised collection and the adopted theoretical-conceptual references. The thematic content analysis triggered eight interpretative dimensions: daily life and itineraries, care, reproductive decisions, stigma and its expressions, gender, participation, ethnicity, and religiosity. The sickle cell experience emerges and is related to exclusion, devaluation, ignorance, and invisibility, strongly allied to race components in nuances that distance it from the generic illness experience.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o conteúdo da produção qualitativa produzida (2000-2023) sobre a doença falciforme, a fim de fundamentar a categoria analítica - experiência de adoecimento falciforme. Metodologicamente, realizamos um estudo bibliográfico de abordagem qualitativa, com uma análise de conteúdo temática, ancorada no diálogo entre o acervo revisado e os referenciais teórico-conceituais adotados. A análise de conteúdo temática nos levou a oito dimensões interpretativas: cotidianos e itinerários, cuidado, decisões reprodutivas, estigma e suas expressões, gênero, participação, raça e religiosidade. A experiência falciforme emerge relacionada a processos de exclusão, desvalorização, desconhecimento e invisibilização, aliadas fortemente aos componentes de raça em nuances que a distanciam da experiência de adoecimento genérica.

A experiência de adoecimento falciforme pelas lentes qualitativas / The sickle cell illness experience under the qualitative lens

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o conteúdo da produção qualitativa produzida (2000-2023) sobre a doença falciforme, a fim de fundamentar a categoria analítica - experiência de adoecimento falciforme. Metodologicamente, realizamos um estudo bibliográfico de abordagem qualitativa, com uma análise de conteúdo temática, ancorada no diálogo entre o acervo revisado e os referenciais teórico-conceituais adotados. A análise de conteúdo temática nos levou a oito dimensões interpretativas: cotidianos e itinerários, cuidado, decisões reprodutivas, estigma e suas expressões, gênero, participação, raça e religiosidade. A experiência falciforme emerge relacionada a processos de exclusão, desvalorização, desconhecimento e invisibilização, aliadas fortemente aos componentes de raça em nuances que a distanciam da experiência de adoecimento genérica.

Abstract This article aims to analyze the content of the qualitative production (2000-2023) on sickle cell disease to support the analytical category - the sickle cell disease experience. Methodologically, we conducted a qualitative, bibliographical study with a thematic content analysis anchored in the dialogue between the revised collection and the adopted theoretical-conceptual references. The thematic content analysis triggered eight interpretative dimensions: daily life and itineraries, care, reproductive decisions, stigma and its expressions, gender, participation, ethnicity, and religiosity. The sickle cell experience emerges and is related to exclusion, devaluation, ignorance, and invisibility, strongly allied to race components in nuances that distance it from the generic illness experience.

Strategies for communicating scientific evidence on healthcare to managers and the population: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Health evidence needs to be communicated and disseminated in a manner that is clearly understood by decision-makers. As an inherent component of health knowledge translation, communicating results of scientific studies, effects of interventions and health risk estimates, in addition to understanding key concepts of clinical epidemiology and interpreting evidence, represent a set of essential instruments to reduce the gap between science and practice. The advancement of digital and social media has reshaped the concept of health communication, introducing new, direct and powerful communication platforms and gateways between researchers and the public. The objective of this scoping review was to identify strategies for communicating scientific evidence in healthcare to managers and/or population. METHODS: We searched Cochrane Library, Embase®, MEDLINE® and other six electronic databases, in addition to grey literature, relevant websites from related organizations for studies, documents or reports published from 2000, addressing any strategy for communicating scientific evidence on healthcare to managers and/or population. RESULTS: Our search identified 24 598 unique records, of which 80 met the inclusion criteria and addressed 78 strategies. Most strategies focused on risk and benefit communication in health, were presented by textual format and had been implemented and somehow evaluated. Among the strategies evaluated and appearing to yield some benefit are (i) risk/benefit communication: natural frequencies instead of percentages, absolute risk instead relative risk and number needed to treat, numerical instead nominal communication, mortality instead survival; negative or loss content appear to be more effective than positive or gain content; (ii) evidence synthesis: plain languages summaries to communicate the results of Cochrane reviews to the community were perceived as more reliable, easier to find and understand, and better to support decisions than the original summaries; (iii) teaching/learning: the Informed Health Choices resources seem to be effective for improving critical thinking skills. CONCLUSION: Our findings contribute to both the knowledge translation process by identifying communication strategies with potential for immediate implementation and to future research by recognizing the need to evaluate the clinical and social impact of other strategies to support evidence-informed policies. Trial registration protocol is prospectively available in MedArxiv (doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.04.21265922).

Competency profiles for evidence-informed policy-making (EIPM): a rapid review.

BACKGROUND: Evidence-informed policy-making (EIPM) requires a set of individual and organizational capacities, linked with background factors and needs. The identification of essential knowledge, skills and attitudes for EIPM can support the development of competency profiles and their application in different contexts. PURPOSE: To identify elements of competency (knowledge, skills and attitudes) for EIPM, according to different professional profiles (researcher, health professional, decision-maker and citizen). METHODS: Rapid umbrella review. A structured search was conducted and later updated in two comprehensive repositories (BVSalud and PubMed). Review studies with distinctive designs were included, published from 2010 onwards, without language restrictions. Assessment of the methodological quality of the studies was not performed. A meta-aggregative narrative synthesis was used to report the findings. RESULTS: Ten reviews were included. A total of 37 elements of competency were identified, eight were categorized as knowledge, 19 as skills and 10 as attitudes. These elements were aggregated into four competency profiles: researcher, health professional, decision-maker and citizen. The competency profiles included different sets of EIPM-related knowledge, skills and attitudes. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: This study is innovative because it aggregates different profiles of competency from a practical perspective, favouring the application of its results in different contexts to support EIPM. Methodological limitations are related to the shortcuts adopted in this review: complementary searches of the grey literature were not performed, and the study selection and data extraction were not conducted in duplicate. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: EIPM requires the development of individual and organizational capacities. This rapid review contributes to the discussion on the institutionalization of EIPM in health systems. The competency profiles presented here can support discussions about the availability of capacity and the need for its development in different contexts.

Homoparenting as a public health issue: a scoping review / A homoparentalidade como questão da saúde coletiva: uma revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To map global scientific production on homoparenting in the field of collective health or public health. METHODS In terms of methodological procedures, a scoping review was carried out, guided by the following question: What are the aspects addressed in global scientific production regarding homoparental families in the field of collective or public health? The searches were carried out in seven sources of scientific literature, including 58 studies, involving scientific articles and dissertations. The analytical treatment given to the studies, most of which were qualitative, followed the content analysis technique in the thematic modality. RESULTS The results indicate that the perceptions of homosexuals and professionals about the care provided and health services in general was the topic addressed by the largest number of studies (n = 31), followed by heteronormative context of health services (n = 26); disclosure of sexual orientation (n = 20); fertilization (n = 14); educational information and actions (n = 5). CONCLUSION Although the issue of same-sex parenthood has been discussed in some health sectors, there is awareness that it is necessary to rely on a consolidated basis through numerous studies when discussing this issue. It is concluded that, among other aspects, the scope of this review is not sufficiently problematized within the scope of health professionals' training and performance.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Mapear a produção científica global sobre homoparentalidade no campo da saúde coletiva ou saúde pública. MÉTODOS Em termos de procedimentos metodológicos, foi realizada uma revisão de escopo, tendo como norte a seguinte pergunta: quais são os aspectos abordados na produção científica global a respeito de famílias homoparentais no campo da saúde coletiva ou pública? As buscas foram realizadas em sete fontes de literatura científica, sendo incluídos 58 estudos, envolvendo artigos científicos e dissertações. O tratamento analítico dado aos estudos, em sua maioria qualitativos, seguiu a técnica de análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. RESULTADOS Os resultados indicam que percepções de homossexuais e de profissionais sobre cuidados prestados e serviços de saúde em geral foi a temática abordada por maior número de estudos (n = 31), seguida de contexto heteronormativo dos serviços de saúde (n = 26); revelação da orientação sexual (n = 20); fertilização (n = 14); informações e ações educativas (n = 5). CONCLUSÃO Embora a questão da homoparentalidade venha sendo discutida em alguns setores da saúde, há ciência de que é preciso contar com uma base consolidada por meio de inúmeros estudos ao se problematizar essa temática. Conclui-se que, dentre outros aspectos, que o escopo desta revisão não é problematizado de forma suficiente no âmbito da formação e atuação de profissionais de saúde.

Methodological issues in qualitative research on HIV prevention: an integrative review / Aspectos metodológicos na pesquisa qualitativa sobre prevenção do HIV: uma revisão integrativa / Aspectos metodológicos en la investigación cualitativa sobre la prevención del VIH: una revisión integradora

Abstract: In view of the growing concern about the use of qualitative approach in health research, this article aims to analyze how the qualitative theoretical-methodological framework of HIV prevention is presented in empirical research. We conducted an integrative literature review with the following guiding questions: "How is the qualitative theoretical-methodological framework expressed in empirical research on HIV prevention?"; "What are the limits and potentials of the qualitative methodological designs employed?". In the qualitative methodological discussion, five dimensions guided the methodological course and the presentation of findings, from the analysis of the characterization of qualitative studies to the contextualization of the studies and the methodological approaches used, highlighting the use of semi-structured interviews with thematic content analysis. We also examined social categories and analytical references, drawing attention to the plurality of these theoretical-conceptual references and to the authors' polyphony, and identified the limits and potentials of qualitative research. This study focuses on a scientific topic that is related to a wide variety of social groups and analyzes how they are affected by it, examining issues related to social inequality and other analytical possibilities surrounding HIV prevention, and providing resources for a comprehensive methodological discussion. Hence, avoiding the risk of conducting qualitative research based on checklists that limit inventiveness and openness to different designs and forms of execution and analysis is as pivotal as ensuring that the research is consistent and detailed in publications.

Resumo: Em vista da crescente preocupação com o uso da abordagem qualitativa na pesquisa em saúde, este artigo visa analisar como o referencial teórico-metodológico qualitativo da prevenção do HIV é apresentado na pesquisa empírica. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura com as seguintes questões norteadoras: "Como o referencial teórico-metodológico qualitativo se expressa nas pesquisas empíricas de prevenção do HIV?"; "Quais são os limites e o potencial dos desenhos metodológicos qualitativos empregados?". Cinco dimensões orientaram o fluxo metodológico e a apresentação dos resultados para a discussão metodológica qualitativa, desde a análise da caracterização dos estudos qualitativos até a contextualização destes e as abordagens metodológicas utilizadas, destacando o uso de entrevistas semiestruturadas com análise de conteúdo temático. Além disso, foram examinadas categorias sociais e referências analíticas, destacando-se a pluralidade destas referências teórico-conceituais e a polifonia dos autores, e foram identificados os limites e as possibilidades da pesquisa qualitativa. Assim, esse é um tema científico que articula o estudo com uma diversidade significativa de grupos sociais e como eles são afetados, assim como questões relacionadas à desigualdade social e outras possibilidades analíticas que envolvem a prevenção do HIV, fornecendo recursos para uma discussão metodológica abrangente. Portanto, evitar o risco de realizar pesquisas qualitativas com base em roteiros que limitam a inventividade e a abertura para diferentes desenhos e maneiras de executar e analisar a abordagem qualitativa é tão essencial quanto garantir que a pesquisa seja consistente e detalhada nas publicações.

Resumen: Ante la creciente preocupación por el uso del enfoque cualitativo en la investigación en salud, este artículo tiene el objetivo de analizar cómo se presenta el marco teórico-metodológico cualitativo de la prevención del VIH en la investigación empírica. Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura con las siguientes preguntas orientadoras: "¿Cómo se expresa el marco teórico-metodológico cualitativo en las investigaciones empíricas de prevención del VIH?"; "¿Cuáles son los límites y el potencial de los diseños metodológicos cualitativos empleados?". Cinco dimensiones han guiado el flujo metodológico y la presentación de los resultados para la discusión metodológica cualitativa, desde el análisis de la caracterización de los estudios cualitativos hasta su contextualización y los enfoques metodológicos utilizados, destacando el uso de entrevistas semiestructuradas con análisis de contenido temático. Además, se examinaron las categorías sociales y los referentes analíticos, destacando la pluralidad de estos referentes teórico-conceptuales y la polifonía de los autores, y se identificaron los límites y las posibilidades de la investigación cualitativa. Así, este es un tema científico que articula el estudio con una diversidad significativa de grupos sociales y cómo son afectados, así como cuestiones relacionadas con la desigualdad social y otras posibilidades analíticas que involucran la prevención del VIH, proporcionando recursos para una discusión metodológica completa. Por lo tanto, evitar el riesgo de realizar investigaciones cualitativas basadas en guiones que limitan la creatividad y la apertura a diferentes diseños y formas de ejecutar y analizar el enfoque cualitativo es tan esencial como asegurar una investigación consistente y minuciosa en las publicaciones.

Agendas de saúde voltadas para gays e lésbicas / Gay and lesbian health agendas

Resumo O estudo objetivou validar agendas reivindicadas por representantes de grupos homossexuais voltadas para a atenção integral à saúde de gays e lésbicas. Para isso, foi elaborada uma matriz de agendas de saúde baseada na consulta a acervo de outro estudo, composto por 25 narrativas de representantes de 16 grupos de dez capitais brasileiras. As agendas foram consideradas validadas a partir da média de pontuações igual ou superior a sete e desvio padrão igual ou inferior a dois. As agendas validadas se relacionaram às seguintes temáticas: violência física ou psicológica; atenção às lésbicas relacionada aos cânceres de útero e mama; saúde mental; capacitação de profissionais de saúde; prevenção e atenção voltadas para a Aids; reprodução assistida para lésbicas; atenção a gays relacionada ao atendimento urológico e proctológico; desenvolvimento de materiais informativos sobre a saúde em geral; e informação e tratamento das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Conclui-se que os movimentos de gays e lésbicas podem ser atores importantes no âmbito da saúde coletiva, não só indicando pautas a serem consideradas nas políticas e nos planejamentos voltados para a saúde de seus integrantes, podem também ser mediadores entre os profissionais de saúde e os homossexuais que buscam os cuidados desses profissionais.

Abstract The aim of this study was to validate gay and lesbian health agendas pushed by organizations representing these groups. To this end, we created a health agenda matrix based on 25 narratives of representatives from 16 different gay and lesbian groups in ten state capitals in Brazil collected in another study. Each agenda was considered to have reached consensus when the mean score was equal to or greater than seven and SD was equal to or less than two. The validated agendas addressed the following themes: physical and psychological violence; the care needs of lesbians related to uterine and breast cancer; mental health; training of health care professionals; AIDS prevention and care; assisted reproduction for lesbians; the urological and proctological care needs of gays; development of informative material on general health; and information and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. It is concluded that gay and lesbian movements are potentially important actors in the public health arena, not only proposing important issues that need to be considered in public policies and actions to improve health care for LGBT people, but also mediating between health professionals and homosexuals seeking health services.

Gay and lesbian health agendas. / Agendas de saúde voltadas para gays e lésbicas.

The aim of this study was to validate gay and lesbian health agendas pushed by organizations representing these groups. To this end, we created a health agenda matrix based on 25 narratives of representatives from 16 different gay and lesbian groups in ten state capitals in Brazil collected in another study. Each agenda was considered to have reached consensus when the mean score was equal to or greater than seven and SD was equal to or less than two. The validated agendas addressed the following themes: physical and psychological violence; the care needs of lesbians related to uterine and breast cancer; mental health; training of health care professionals; AIDS prevention and care; assisted reproduction for lesbians; the urological and proctological care needs of gays; development of informative material on general health; and information and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. It is concluded that gay and lesbian movements are potentially important actors in the public health arena, not only proposing important issues that need to be considered in public policies and actions to improve health care for LGBT people, but also mediating between health professionals and homosexuals seeking health services.

O estudo objetivou validar agendas reivindicadas por representantes de grupos homossexuais voltadas para a atenção integral à saúde de gays e lésbicas. Para isso, foi elaborada uma matriz de agendas de saúde baseada na consulta a acervo de outro estudo, composto por 25 narrativas de representantes de 16 grupos de dez capitais brasileiras. As agendas foram consideradas validadas a partir da média de pontuações igual ou superior a sete e desvio padrão igual ou inferior a dois. As agendas validadas se relacionaram às seguintes temáticas: violência física ou psicológica; atenção às lésbicas relacionada aos cânceres de útero e mama; saúde mental; capacitação de profissionais de saúde; prevenção e atenção voltadas para a Aids; reprodução assistida para lésbicas; atenção a gays relacionada ao atendimento urológico e proctológico; desenvolvimento de materiais informativos sobre a saúde em geral; e informação e tratamento das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Conclui-se que os movimentos de gays e lésbicas podem ser atores importantes no âmbito da saúde coletiva, não só indicando pautas a serem consideradas nas políticas e nos planejamentos voltados para a saúde de seus integrantes, podem também ser mediadores entre os profissionais de saúde e os homossexuais que buscam os cuidados desses profissionais.